{"id":2110,"date":"1961-01-18T00:00:00","date_gmt":"1961-01-18T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/archive.amarkfoundation.org\/cubanembargo\/cms\/?p=2110"},"modified":"1961-01-18T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"1961-01-18T00:00:00","slug":"1701181961","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/archive.amarkfoundation.org\/cubanembargo\/1961\/01\/18\/1701181961\/","title":{"rendered":"1\/18\/1961"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&#8220;JAN 18, 1961: Ambassador [Whiting] Willauer reports to Under Secretary of State Merchant that \u2018the Group, DOD [Department of Defense], CIA [Central Intelligence Agency], and ARA [American Rental Association] (to a limited extent)\u2019 have updated DOD on \u2018current thinking on the program for Cuba,\u2019 and \u2018after concluding this [they] assumed that the December 6 plan (updated in light of developments since that time) might not succeed in the objective of overthrowing the Castro regime.\u2019 Willauer concurs with DOD&#8217;s \u2018Evaluation of Possible Military Courses of Action in Cuba\u2019 (January 16, 1961) that any chance of success hinges on several \u2018very important policy decisions that many of [them] feel must be taken immediately.\u2019 Willauer also states his own view that the plan \u2018will probably get support from many Latin American countries of democratic inclination in direct proportion to the degree [the U.S. is] felt to be siding in the overthrow of Trujillo (of the Dominican Republic) and generally are &#8216;on the side of the angels&#8217; in the entire problem of dictatorships vs. free governments in the hemisphere.\u2019 Finally, Willauer informs Merchant that his committee \u2018weighed without coming to a conclusion the advantages of rapid, effective action by direct war in terms of getting matters over with without a long buildup of world opinion, vs. the inevitability of such a buildup under any seven-month program.\u2019\u201d<\/p>\n<p><em>&#8220;The Bay of Pigs Invasion\/Playa Giron: A Chronology of Events,&#8221; The National Security Archive, NSArchive2.gwu.edu<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&#8220;JAN 18, 1961: Ambassador [Whiting] Willauer reports to Under Secretary of State Merchant that \u2018the Group, DOD [Department of Defense], CIA [Central Intelligence Agency], and ARA [American Rental Association] (to a limited extent)\u2019 have updated DOD on \u2018current thinking on the program for Cuba,\u2019 and \u2018after concluding this [they] assumed that the December 6 plan [&#8230;]<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"btn btn-secondary understrap-read-more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/archive.amarkfoundation.org\/cubanembargo\/1961\/01\/18\/1701181961\/\">Read More&#8230;<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> from 1\/18\/1961<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[3],"class_list":["post-2110","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-quotes","tag-quotes"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":2168,"url":"https:\/\/archive.amarkfoundation.org\/cubanembargo\/1961\/12\/21\/24212211961\/","url_meta":{"origin":2110,"position":0},"title":"12\/21\/1961","author":"AmarkData","date":"December 21, 1961","format":false,"excerpt":"\"21.12.61 The Kennedy Administration, in an effort to reinforced the embargo on Cuba, banned exports by certain U.S. companies or individuals for 90 days. The Department of Commerce required American producers and suppliers traditionally involved in trade with Cuba to ask their clients about the end users of purchased products,\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;quotes&quot;","block_context":{"text":"quotes","link":"https:\/\/archive.amarkfoundation.org\/cubanembargo\/category\/quotes\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":2145,"url":"https:\/\/archive.amarkfoundation.org\/cubanembargo\/1961\/02\/24\/2052241961\/","url_meta":{"origin":2110,"position":1},"title":"2\/24\/1961","author":"AmarkData","date":"February 24, 1961","format":false,"excerpt":"\"FEB 24, 1961: A conservative newspaper, El Siglo of Bogot\u00e1, Colombia, publishes testimony of a South American diplomat who has witnessed a parachute training session, in preparation for a landing in Cuba, 350 kilometers from Guatemala City. The article states that the exercises were conducted using U.S. transport planes and\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;quotes&quot;","block_context":{"text":"quotes","link":"https:\/\/archive.amarkfoundation.org\/cubanembargo\/category\/quotes\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":2166,"url":"https:\/\/archive.amarkfoundation.org\/cubanembargo\/1961\/09\/04\/239941961\/","url_meta":{"origin":2110,"position":2},"title":"9\/4\/1961","author":"AmarkData","date":"September 4, 1961","format":false,"excerpt":"\"04.09.61 The U.S. Congress passed the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961\u2026which in its section 620(a) banned all sorts of assistance to the Cuban government and, as a way to implement such policy, authorized the U.S. President [John F. Kennedy] to impose and maintain an full-fledge trade embargo between the United\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;quotes&quot;","block_context":{"text":"quotes","link":"https:\/\/archive.amarkfoundation.org\/cubanembargo\/category\/quotes\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":2144,"url":"https:\/\/archive.amarkfoundation.org\/cubanembargo\/1961\/02\/23\/2032231961\/","url_meta":{"origin":2110,"position":3},"title":"2\/23\/1961","author":"AmarkData","date":"February 23, 1961","format":false,"excerpt":"\"23.02.61 The Department of Commerce amended the U.S. Export Regulations, providing that no exports to Cuba could be made under a general license\u2026\u201d [Pro Embargo] \"John F. Kennedy (D). Timeline,\u201d Cuba versus Blockade: Cuban People\u2019s website,\u00a02007","rel":"","context":"In &quot;quotes&quot;","block_context":{"text":"quotes","link":"https:\/\/archive.amarkfoundation.org\/cubanembargo\/category\/quotes\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":2157,"url":"https:\/\/archive.amarkfoundation.org\/cubanembargo\/1961\/03\/10\/2173101961\/","url_meta":{"origin":2110,"position":4},"title":"3\/10\/1961","author":"AmarkData","date":"March 10, 1961","format":false,"excerpt":"\"10.03.61 The Department of Commerce amended U.S. Exports Regulations, including a list of food items and medicines requiring a general license to be exported to Cuba.\u201d [Pro Embargo] \"John F. Kennedy (D). Timeline,\u201d Cuba versus Blockade: Cuban People\u2019s website,\u00a02007","rel":"","context":"In &quot;quotes&quot;","block_context":{"text":"quotes","link":"https:\/\/archive.amarkfoundation.org\/cubanembargo\/category\/quotes\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":2534,"url":"https:\/\/archive.amarkfoundation.org\/cubanembargo\/1961\/11\/15\/24011151961\/","url_meta":{"origin":2110,"position":5},"title":"11\/15\/1961","author":"AmarkData","date":"November 15, 1961","format":false,"excerpt":"\"Through the summer of 1961, the CIA headed an interagency group which drew up a new plan for attacking Cuba. [President John F.] Kennedy signed off on this in November, 1961. It was known as Operation Mongoose. The man who was assigned to run this program was General Edward Lansdale,\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;quotes&quot;","block_context":{"text":"quotes","link":"https:\/\/archive.amarkfoundation.org\/cubanembargo\/category\/quotes\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.amarkfoundation.org\/cubanembargo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2110","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.amarkfoundation.org\/cubanembargo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.amarkfoundation.org\/cubanembargo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.amarkfoundation.org\/cubanembargo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.amarkfoundation.org\/cubanembargo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2110"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/archive.amarkfoundation.org\/cubanembargo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2110\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.amarkfoundation.org\/cubanembargo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2110"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.amarkfoundation.org\/cubanembargo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2110"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.amarkfoundation.org\/cubanembargo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2110"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}