{"id":32,"date":"2020-12-14T17:03:22","date_gmt":"2020-12-14T17:03:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/archive.amarkfoundation.org\/electoralcollegeinfo\/?page_id=32"},"modified":"2022-05-06T20:34:08","modified_gmt":"2022-05-06T20:34:08","slug":"59-presidential-elections","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/archive.amarkfoundation.org\/electoralcollegeinfo\/59-presidential-elections\/","title":{"rendered":"Results of the 59 US Presidential Elections"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:22px\"><strong>I. Introduction<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The chart below shows the candidates, popular votes, electoral votes, and the five times a candidate won despite losing the popular vote in all 59 US presidential elections.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Democrats (party founded in 1828) are shown in blue and Republicans (party founded in 1854) in red. Elections in early US history are shown in black when no party equivalent could be determined.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Four of the five candidates in history who won the presidency while losing the popular vote were Republicans (Hayes in 1876, Harrison in 1888, Bush in 2000, and Trump in 2016). The first time a candidate won the presidency with fewer popular votes, John Quincy Adams in 1824, neither the Democratic nor Republican parties had been founded. <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_32_1('footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_1');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_32_1('footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_1');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[1]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_32_1_1\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Popular vote totals are not available for elections prior to 1824, and even when those totals subsequently started being reported, some states still chose electors in the state legislatures and&nbsp;&#x2026; <span class=\"footnote_tooltip_continue\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_32_1('footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_1');\">Continue reading<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_1').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_32_1_1', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The five elections in which the popular vote winner did not win the presidency represent 8.5% of all US presidential elections. Of the 59 presidential elections since 1789, 54 of those elections (91.5%) were won by the candidate with the most popular votes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:22px\"><strong>II. Fifty-Nine US Presidential Elections, 1789-2020<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-2\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-2\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">A.<br \/>\nElection<\/th><th class=\"column-2\">B.<br \/>\n<span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">Dem<\/span> vs. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">Rep<\/span> Candidate<\/th><th class=\"column-3\">C.<br \/>\nPopular Vote in Millions <br \/>\n(% of pop. vote)<\/th><th class=\"column-4\">D.<br \/>\nElectoral Votes<\/th><th class=\"column-5\">E.<br \/>\nCandidate won with fewer popular votes<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">1. 1789<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">George Washington - ran uncontested<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Not available <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_32_1('footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_2');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_32_1('footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_2');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[2]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_32_1_2\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">1789: Prior to 1824, the majority of states selected electors in the state legislature rather than by popular vote.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_2').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_32_1_2', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/td><td class=\"column-4\">69 <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_32_1('footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_3');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_32_1('footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_3');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_3\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[3]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_32_1_3\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">1789: Each of 69 eligible electors cast two votes. George Washington was elected unanimously with a vote from each elector. New York cast no votes because the state legislature couldn\u2019t agree on&nbsp;&#x2026; <span class=\"footnote_tooltip_continue\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_32_1('footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_3');\">Continue reading<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_3').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_32_1_3', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">2. 1792<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">George Washington (Federalist) - ran uncontested<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Not available<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">132 <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_32_1('footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_4');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_32_1('footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_4');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_4\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[4]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_32_1_4\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">1792: Each elector cast two votes. Three electors did not vote.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_4').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_32_1_4', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">3. 1796<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Thomas Jefferson (Dem-Rep) v. John Adams (Federalist)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Not available<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">68 v. 71 = 139 <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_32_1('footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_5');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_32_1('footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_5');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_5\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[5]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_32_1_5\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">1796: Each elector cast two votes, and the second-highest vote recipient became vice president. Thirteen people received electoral votes. Even though there were 138 members of the Electoral College,&nbsp;&#x2026; <span class=\"footnote_tooltip_continue\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_32_1('footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_5');\">Continue reading<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_5').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_32_1_5', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">4. 1800<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Thomas Jefferson (Dem-Rep) v. John Adams (Federalist)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Not available<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">73 v. 65 + Oth = 138 <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_32_1('footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_6');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_32_1('footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_6');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_6\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[6]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_32_1_6\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">1800: Electors didn\u2019t distinguish between president and vice president in their votes, so Thomas Jefferson and his running mate Aaron Burr both got 73 electoral votes and the decision went to the&nbsp;&#x2026; <span class=\"footnote_tooltip_continue\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_32_1('footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_6');\">Continue reading<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_6').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_32_1_6', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">5. 1804<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Thomas Jefferson (Dem-Rep) v. Charles Cotesworth Pinckney (Federalist)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Not available<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">162 v. 14 = 176<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-7\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">6. 1808<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">James Madison (Dem-Rep) v. Charles Cotesworth Pinckney (Federalist)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Not available<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">122 v. 47 + Oth = 176 <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_32_1('footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_7');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_32_1('footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_7');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_7\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[7]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_32_1_7\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">1808: Six faithless electors voted for George Clinton (Independent Democratic Republican) and one elector didn\u2019t vote due to illness.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_7').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_32_1_7', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-8\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">7. 1812<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">James Madison (Dem-Rep) v. DeWitt Clinton (Federalist)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Not available<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">128 v. 89 + Oth = 218 <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_32_1('footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_8');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_32_1('footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_8');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_8\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[8]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_32_1_8\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">1812: One elector did not vote.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_8').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_32_1_8', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-9\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">8. 1816<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">James Monroe (Dem-Rep) v. Rufus King (Federalist)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Not available<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">183 v. 34 + Oth = 221 <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_32_1('footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_9');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_32_1('footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_9');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_9\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[9]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_32_1_9\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">1816: Four electors did not vote.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_9').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_32_1_9', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-10\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">9. 1820<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">James Monroe (Dem-Rep) - ran uncontested<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Not available<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">231 + Oth = 235 <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_32_1('footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_10');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_32_1('footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_10');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_10\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[10]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_32_1_10\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">1820: Last uncontested US Presidential election; one elector didn\u2019t want a unanimous election, so he voted for John Quincy Adams; three electors did not vote.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_10').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_32_1_10', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-11\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">10. 1824<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">Andrew Jackson (Dem-Rep)<\/span> <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_32_1('footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_11');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_32_1('footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_11');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_11\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[11]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_32_1_11\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Andrew Jackson is listed as Democratic-Republican in the election results but he co-founded the Democratic Party in 1828, so this chart marks him in blue.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_11').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_32_1_11', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>  v. John Quincy Adams (Dem-Rep)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">0.151<\/span> v. 0.113<br \/>\n(41.4% v. 30.9%)<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">99<\/span> v. 84 + Oth = 261 <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_32_1('footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_12');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_32_1('footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_12');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_12\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[12]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_32_1_12\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">1824: Four candidates all ran as Democratic-Republicans. Henry Clay received 37 electoral votes and William H. Crawford received 41 electoral votes.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_12').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_32_1_12', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/td><td class=\"column-5\">John Quincy Adams <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_32_1('footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_13');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_32_1('footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_13');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_13\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[13]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_32_1_13\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">1824: Since no candidate had enough electoral votes to win, the House of Representatives selected John Quincy Adams as president even though he had fewer popular votes and fewer electoral votes than&nbsp;&#x2026; <span class=\"footnote_tooltip_continue\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_32_1('footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_13');\">Continue reading<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_13').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_32_1_13', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-12\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">11. 1828<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">Andrew Jackson (Dem-Rep)<\/span> v. John Quincy Adams (National Republican)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">0.643<\/span> v. 0.501<br \/>\n(56.0% v. 43.6%)<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">178<\/span> v. 83 = 261<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-13\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">12. 1832<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">Andrew Jackson<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">Henry Clay (National Republican)<\/span> <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_32_1('footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_14');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_32_1('footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_14');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_14\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[14]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_32_1_14\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Henry Clay formed the Whig party to counter Jacksonian Democrats in the 1830s; this resource therefore marks Clay in red to denote correlation with the Republican party.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_14').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_32_1_14', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">0.702<\/span> vs. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">0.484<\/span><br \/>\n(54.2% v. 37.4%)<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">219<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">49<\/span> + Oth = 288 <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_32_1('footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_15');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_32_1('footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_15');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_15\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[15]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_32_1_15\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">1832: William Wirt (Anti-Masonic party) received 7 electoral votes and John Floyd (Independent) received 11 electoral votes. Two electors didn\u2019t vote because of illness.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_15').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_32_1_15', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-14\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">13. 1836<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">Martin Van Buren<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">William Henry Harrison (Whig)<\/span> <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_32_1('footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_16');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_32_1('footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_16');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_16\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[16]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_32_1_16\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">The Whigs were formed to counter Jacksonian Democrats; this resource therefore marks Whigs in red.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_16').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_32_1_16', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">0.764<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">0.551<\/span><br \/>\n(50.8% v. 36.6%)<br \/>\n<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">170<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">73<\/span> + Oth = 294 <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_32_1('footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_17');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_32_1('footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_17');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_17\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[17]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_32_1_17\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">1836: Hugh L. White (26 electoral votes) and Daniel Webster (14 electoral votes) also ran as Whig party. W.P. Mangum\u2019s party is listed as Anti-Jackson, Independent, and Whig by various sources; he&nbsp;&#x2026; <span class=\"footnote_tooltip_continue\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_32_1('footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_17');\">Continue reading<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_17').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_32_1_17', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-15\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">14. 1840<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">Martin Van Buren<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">William Henry Harrison (Whig)<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">1.13<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">1.28<\/span><br \/>\n(46.8% v. 52.9%)<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">60<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">234<\/span> = 294<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-16\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">15. 1844<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">James K. Polk<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">Henry Clay (Whig)<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">1.34<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">1.30<\/span><br \/>\n(49.5% v. 48.1%)<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">170<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">105<\/span> = 275 <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_32_1('footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_18');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_32_1('footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_18');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_18\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[18]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_32_1_18\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">There are fewer electoral votes in 1844 (275) than in 1840 (294) because the number of seats in the House of Representatives decreased following apportionment from the 1840 census.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_18').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_32_1_18', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-17\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">16. 1848<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">Lewis Cass<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">Zachary Taylor (Whig)<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">1.22<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">1.36<\/span><br \/>\n(42.5% v. 47.3%)<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">127<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">163<\/span> = 290 <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_32_1('footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_19');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_32_1('footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_19');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_19\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[19]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_32_1_19\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">There are fewer electoral votes in 1848 (290) than in 1840 (294) because the number of seats in the House went down following the 1840 census.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_19').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_32_1_19', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-18\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">17. 1852<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">Franklin Pierce<\/span> vs. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">Winfield Scott (Whig)<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">1.61<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">1.39<\/span><br \/>\n(50.8% v. 43.9%)<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">254<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">42<\/span> = 296<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-19\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">18. 1856<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">James Buchanan<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">John C. Fr\u00e9mont<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">1.84<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">1.34<\/span><br \/>\n(45.3% v. 33.1%)<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">174<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">114<\/span> + Oth = 296 <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_32_1('footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_20');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_32_1('footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_20');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_20\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[20]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_32_1_20\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">1856: Millard Fillmore (Whig-American\/Know-Nothing party) received 8 electoral votes.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_20').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_32_1_20', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-20\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">19. 1860<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">Stephen A. Douglas<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">Abraham Lincoln<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">1.38<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">1.87<\/span><br \/>\n(29.5% v. 39.85)<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">12<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">180<\/span> + Oth = 303 <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_32_1('footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_21');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_32_1('footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_21');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_21\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[21]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_32_1_21\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">1860: Southern Democratic John C. Breckinridge received 847,953 popular votes (18.1%) but won 72 electoral votes; Constitutional Union candidate John Bell received 39 electoral votes.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_21').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_32_1_21', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-21\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">20. 1864<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">George B. McClellan<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">Abraham Lincoln<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">1.81<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">2.22<\/span><br \/>\n(44.9% v. 55.1%)<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">21<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">212<\/span> = 233 <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_32_1('footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_22');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_32_1('footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_22');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_22\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[22]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_32_1_22\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Eleven states (Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia) didn\u2019t participate because they had seceded from the&nbsp;&#x2026; <span class=\"footnote_tooltip_continue\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_32_1('footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_22');\">Continue reading<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_22').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_32_1_22', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-22\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">21. 1868<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">Horatio Seymour<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">Ulysses S. Grant<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">2.71<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">3.01<\/span><br \/>\n(47.3% v. 52.7%)<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">80<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">214<\/span> = 294 <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_32_1('footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_23');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_32_1('footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_23');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_23\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[23]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_32_1_23\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Former Confederate states Mississippi, Texas, and Virginia weren\u2019t restored to the Union in time to vote in the election.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_23').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_32_1_23', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-23\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">22. 1872<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">Horace Greeley<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">Ulysses S. Grant<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">2.84<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">3.60<\/span><br \/>\n(43.8% v. 55.6%)<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">Zero<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">286<\/span> + Oth = 352 <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_32_1('footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_24');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_32_1('footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_24');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_24\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[24]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_32_1_24\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Greeley died after the election but before the electoral college was decided. Three electors still voted for Greeley but they were not counted by Congress. The remaining 63 electoral votes he would&nbsp;&#x2026; <span class=\"footnote_tooltip_continue\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_32_1('footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_24');\">Continue reading<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_24').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_32_1_24', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-24\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">23. 1876<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">Samuel J. Tilden<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">Rutherford B. Hayes<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">4.29<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">4.03<\/span><br \/>\n(51.0% v. 48.0%)<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\"1>84<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">185<\/span> = 369<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">Rutherford B. Hayes<\/span> <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_32_1('footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_25');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_32_1('footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_25');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_25\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[25]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_32_1_25\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">1876: Democrat Tilden was leading the popular vote in early election returns, but fell one electoral vote short of the required 185. The electoral votes of Florida, Louisiana, Oregon, and South&nbsp;&#x2026; <span class=\"footnote_tooltip_continue\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_32_1('footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_25');\">Continue reading<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_25').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_32_1_25', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-25\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">24. 1880<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">Winfield Scott Hancock<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">James A. Garfield<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">4.445<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">4.454<\/span><br \/>\n(48.2% v. 48.3%)<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">155<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">214<\/span> = 369<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-26\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">25. 1884<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">Grover Cleveland<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">James G. Blaine<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">4.92<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">4.85<\/span><br \/>\n(48.9% v. 48.2%)<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">219<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">182<\/span> = 401<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-27\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">26. 1888<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">Grover Cleveland<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">Benjamin Harrison<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">5.54<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">5.45<\/span><br \/>\n(48.6% v. 47.8%)<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">168<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">233<\/span> = 401<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">Benjamin Harrison<\/span> <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_32_1('footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_26');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_32_1('footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_26');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_26\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[26]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_32_1_26\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">1888: Grover Cleveland won the popular vote by 89,293, but Harrison won the electoral vote and became president by winning New York by 14,373 votes. Significant vote buying and voter fraud in this&nbsp;&#x2026; <span class=\"footnote_tooltip_continue\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_32_1('footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_26');\">Continue reading<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_26').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_32_1_26', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-28\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">27. 1892<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">Grover Cleveland<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">Benjamin Harrison<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">5.55<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">5.19<\/span><br \/>\n(46.0% v. 43.0%)<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">277<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">145<\/span> + Oth = 444 <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_32_1('footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_27');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_32_1('footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_27');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_27\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[27]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_32_1_27\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">James B. Weaver received 22 electoral votes.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_27').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_32_1_27', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-29\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">28. 1896<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">William Jennings Bryan<\/span> <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_32_1('footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_28');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_32_1('footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_28');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_28\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[28]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_32_1_28\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Bryan was nominated by the Democrat and Populist parties, which had the same slates of electors in some states but not in others.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_28').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_32_1_28', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>  v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">William McKinley<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">6.37<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">7.11<\/span><br \/>\n(45.8% v. 51.2%)<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">176<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">271<\/span> = 447<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-30\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">29. 1900<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">William Jennings<\/span> Bryan v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">William McKinley<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">6.36<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">7.22<\/span><br \/>\n(45.5% v. 51.7%)<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">155<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">292 = 447<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-31\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">30. 1904<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">Alton B. Parker<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">Theodore Roosevelt<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">5.08<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">7.63<\/span><br \/>\n(37.6% v. 56.4%)<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">140<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">336<\/span> = 476<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-32\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">31. 1908<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">William Jennings Bryan<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">William Howard Taft<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">6.41<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">7.68<\/span><br \/>\n(43.1% v. 51.6%)<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">162<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">321<\/span> = 483<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-33\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">32. 1912<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">Woodrow Wilson<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">William Howard Taft<\/span> v. Theodore Roosevelt (Progressive)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">6.29<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">3.49 v. 4.12<\/span><br \/>\n(41.8% v. 23.2% v. 27.4)<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">435<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">8<\/span> v. 88 = 531<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-34\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">33. 1916<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">Woodrow Wilson<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">Charles Evans Hughes<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">9.13<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">8.55<\/span><br \/>\n(49.2% v. 46.1%)<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">277<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">254<\/span> = 531<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-35\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">34. 1920<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">James M. Cox<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">Warren G. Harding<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">9.13<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">16.15<\/span><br \/>\n(34.1% v. 60.3%)<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">127<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">404<\/span> = 531<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-36\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">35. 1924<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">John W. Davis<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">Calvin Coolidge<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">8.39<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">15.72<\/span><br \/>\n(28.8% v. 54.0%)<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">136<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">382<\/span> = 531 <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_32_1('footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_29');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_32_1('footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_29');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_29\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[29]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_32_1_29\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">1924: Robert M. La Follette received 13 votes.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_29').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_32_1_29', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-37\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">36. 1928<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">Alfred E. Smith<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">Herbert Hoover<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">15.01<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">21.44<\/span><br \/>\n(40.8% v. 58.2%)<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">87<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">444<\/span> = 531<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-38\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">37. 1932<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">Franklin D. Roosevelt<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">Herbert Hoover<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">22.83<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">15.76<\/span><br \/>\n(57.4% v. 39.6%)<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">472<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">59<\/span> = 531<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-39\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">38. 1936<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">Franklin D. Roosevelt<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">Alfred M. Landon<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">27.76<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">16.68<\/span><br \/>\n(60.8% v. 36.5%)<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">523<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">8<\/span> = 531<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-40\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">39. 1940<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">Franklin D. Roosevelt<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">Wendell L. Willkie<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">27.31<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">22.35<\/span><br \/>\n(54.7% v. 44.8%)<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">449<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">82<\/span> = 531<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-41\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">40. 1944<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">Franklin D. Roosevelt<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">Thomas E. Dewey<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">25.61<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">22.02<\/span><br \/>\n(53.4% v. 45.9%)<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">432<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">99<\/span> = 531<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-42\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">41. 1948<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">Harry S. Truman<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">Thomas E. Dewey<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">24.18<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">21.99<\/span><br \/>\n(49.6% v. 45.1%)<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">303<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">189<\/span> + Oth = 531 <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_32_1('footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_30');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_32_1('footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_30');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_30\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[30]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_32_1_30\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">1948: Strom Thurmond received 39 electoral votes.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_30').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_32_1_30', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-43\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">42. 1952<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">Adlai E. Stevenson<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">Dwight D. Eisenhower<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">27.31<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">33.94<\/span><br \/>\n(44.4% v. 55.1%)<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">89<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">442<\/span> = 531<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-44\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">43. 1956<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">Adlai E. Stevenson<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">Dwight D. Eisenhower<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">26.02<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">35.59<\/span><br \/>\n(42.0% v. 57.4%)<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">73<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">457<\/span> + Oth = 531 <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_32_1('footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_31');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_32_1('footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_31');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_31\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[31]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_32_1_31\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">1956: One faithless elector voted for Walter Burgwyn Jones.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_31').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_32_1_31', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-45\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">44. 1960<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">John F. Kennedy<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">Richard M. Nixon<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">34.23<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">34.11<\/span><br \/>\n(49.7% v. 49.6%)<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">303<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">219<\/span> + Oth = 537 <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_32_1('footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_32');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_32_1('footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_32');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_32\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[32]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_32_1_32\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">1960: One faithless elector and 14 unpledged electors cast electoral votes for Harry Byrd.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_32').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_32_1_32', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-46\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">45. 1964<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">Lyndon B. Johnson<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">Barry M. Goldwater<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">43.13<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">27.18<\/span><br \/>\n(61.2% v. 38.5%)<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">486<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">52<\/span> = 538<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-47\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">46. 1968<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">Hubert H. Humphrey<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">Richard M. Nixon<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">31.28<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">31.79<\/span><br \/>\n(42.7% v. 43.4%)<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">191<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">301<\/span> + Oth = 538 <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_32_1('footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_33');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_32_1('footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_33');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_33\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[33]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_32_1_33\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">1968: George Wallace received 46 electoral votes as a third party candidate.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_33').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_32_1_33', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-48\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">47. 1972<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">George S. McGovern<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">Richard M. Nixon<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">29.17<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">47.17<\/span><br \/>\n(37.5% v. 60.7%)<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">17<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">520<\/span> + Oth = 538 <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_32_1('footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_34');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_32_1('footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_34');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_34\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[34]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_32_1_34\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">1972: One faithless elector cast an electoral vote for John Hospers, the Libertarian candidate.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_34').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_32_1_34', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-49\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">48. 1976<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">Jimmy Carter<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">Gerald R. Ford<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">40.83<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">39.15<\/span><br \/>\n(50.1% v. 48.0%)<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">297<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">240<\/span> + Oth = 538 <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_32_1('footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_35');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_32_1('footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_35');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_35\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[35]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_32_1_35\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">1976: One faithless elector cast an electoral vote for Ronald Reagan.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_35').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_32_1_35', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-50\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">49. 1980<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">Jimmy Carter<\/span> v.<span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\"> Ronald W. Reagan<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">35.48<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">43.90<\/span><br \/>\n(41.0% v. 50.8%)<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">49<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">489<\/span> = 538<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-51\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">50. 1984<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">Walter F. Mondale<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">Ronald W. Reagan<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">37.58<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">54.46<\/span><br \/>\n(40.6% v. 58.8%)<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">13<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">525<\/span> = 538<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-52\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">51. 1988<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">Michael S. Dukakis<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">George H.W. Bush<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">41.81<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">48.89<\/span><br \/>\n(45.7% v. 53.4%)<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">111<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">426<\/span> + Oth = 538 <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_32_1('footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_36');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_32_1('footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_36');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_36\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[36]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_32_1_36\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">1988: One faithless elector cast an electoral vote for the Democratic vice presidential candidate to draw attention to the fact that members of the electoral college were not required to vote for the&nbsp;&#x2026; <span class=\"footnote_tooltip_continue\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_32_1('footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_36');\">Continue reading<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_36').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_32_1_36', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-53\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">52. 1992<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">Bill Clinton<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">George H.W. Bush<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">44.91<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">39.10<\/span><br \/>\n(43.0% v. 37.5%)<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">370<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">168<\/span> = 538<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-54\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">53. 1996<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">Bill Clinton<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">Bob Dole<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">47.40<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">39.20<\/span><br \/>\n(49.2% v. 40.7%)<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">379<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">159<\/span> = 538<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-55\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">54. 2000<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">Al Gore<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">George W. Bush<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">50.99<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">50.46<\/span><br \/>\n(48.3% v. 47.9%)<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">266<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">271<\/span> + Oth = 538 <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_32_1('footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_37');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_32_1('footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_37');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_37\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[37]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_32_1_37\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">2000: An elector in DC abstained.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_37').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_32_1_37', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">George W. Bush<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-56\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">55. 2004<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">John Kerry<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">George W. Bush<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">59.03<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">62.04<\/span><br \/>\n(48.3% v. 50.7%)<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">286<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">251<\/span> + Oth = 538 <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_32_1('footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_38');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_32_1('footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_38');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_38\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[38]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_32_1_38\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">2004: One faithless elector cast an electoral vote for John Edwards in what is believed to have been an error.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_38').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_32_1_38', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-57\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">56. 2008<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">Barack Obama<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">John McCain<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">69.50<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">59.95<\/span><br \/>\n(52.9% v. 45.7%)<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">365<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">173<\/span> = 538<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-58\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">57. 2012<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">Barack Obama<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">Mitt Romney<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">65.92<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">60.93<\/span><br \/>\n(51.1% v. 47.2%)<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">332<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">206<\/span> = 538<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-59\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">58. 2016<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">Hillary Clinton<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">Donald Trump<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">65.85<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">62.98<\/span><br \/>\n(48.2% v. 46.1%)<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">227<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">304<\/span> + Oth = 538 <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_32_1('footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_39');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_32_1('footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_39');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_39\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[39]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_32_1_39\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">2016: Seven faithless electors cast electoral votes for  Bernie Sanders (1), Ron Paul (1), John Kasich (1), Colin Powell (3), and Faith Spotted Eagle (1).<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_39').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_32_1_39', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">Donald Trump<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-60\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">59. 2020<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">Joe Biden<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">Donald Trump<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">81.28<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">74.22<\/span><br \/>\n(51.3% v. 46.9%)<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">306<\/span> v. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">232<\/span> = 538 <\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<tfoot>\n<tr class=\"row-61\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">A.<br \/>\nElection<\/th><th class=\"column-2\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0,0,255)\">Dem<\/span> vs. <span style=\"color:rgb(255,0,0)\">Rep<\/span> Candidate<\/th><th class=\"column-3\">C.<br \/>\nPopular Vote in Millions <br \/>\n(% of pop. vote)<\/th><th class=\"column-4\">D.<br \/>\nElectoral Votes<\/th><th class=\"column-5\">E.<br \/>\nCandidate won with fewer popular votes<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tfoot>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><strong><em>Source:<\/em><\/strong> Election results in the chart are from CQ Press, \u201dPresidential General Election, All States, 1789-2016 Summary,\u201d CQ Voting and Elections Collection, library.cqpress.com, 2020<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Page Sources:<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">1. 270 to Win, \u201c1868 Presidential Election,\u201d 270towin.com (accessed Dec. 3, 2020)<\/span><br><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">2. S.J. Ackerman, \u201cThe Vote That Failed,\u201d smithsonianmag.com, Nov. 1998<\/span><br><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">3. The American Presidency Project, \u201cStatistics: Data Archive &#8211; Elections,\u201d presidency.ucsb.edu (accessed Dec. 2, 2020)<\/span><br><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">4. Ballotpedia, \u201cDemocratic Party,\u201d ballotpedia.org (accessed Dec. 4, 2020)<\/span><br><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">5. Ballotpedia, \u201cRepublican Party,\u201d ballotpedia.org (accessed Dec. 4, 2020)<\/span><br><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">6. Encyclopedia Britannica, \u201cUnited States Presidential Election Results,\u201d britannica.com (accessed Dec. 1, 2020)<\/span><br><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">7. Fair Vote, \u201cFaithless Electors,\u201d fairvote.org, July 6, 2020<\/span><br><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">8. History.com Editors, \u201cDemocratic Party,\u201d history.com, Oct. 11, 2019<\/span><br><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">9. House of Representatives, \u201cThe Electoral Vote Count of the 1876 Presidential Election,\u201d history.house.gov (accessed Dec. 3, 2020)<\/span><br><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">10. Library of Congress, \u201cPresidential Election of 1800: A Resource Guide,\u201d loc.gov (accessed Dec. 3, 2020)<\/span><br><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">11. Library of Congress, \u201cPresidential Elections, 1789 to 1920: Resource Guides,\u201d loc.gov (accessed Dec. 3, 2020)<\/span><br><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">12. Margaret A. Hogan, \u201cJohn Quincy Adams: Life in Brief,\u201d millercenter.org (accessed Dec. 3, 2020)<\/span><br><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">13. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), \u201cWhat is the Electoral College?,\u201d archives.org, Dec. 23, 2019<\/span><br><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">14. National Popular Vote, \u201c5 of 45 Presidents Came into Office Without Winning the National Popular Vote,\u201d nationalpopularvote.com<\/span><br><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">(accessed Dec. 1, 2020)<\/span><br><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">15. Ronald G. Shafer, \u201cThe ugliest presidential election in history: Fraud, voter intimidation and a backroom deal,\u201d washingtonpost.com, Nov.<\/span><br><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">24, 2020<\/span><br><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">16. SUNY OER Services, \u201cRise of the Whigs,\u201d courses.lumenlearning.com (accessed Dec. 3, 2020)<\/span><br><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">17. James Traub, \u201cThe Ugly Election That Birthed Modern American Politics,\u201d national geographic.com, Dec. 2016<\/span><br><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">18. US Census Bureau, \u201cApportionment Legislation 1790 &#8211; 1830,\u201d census.gov (accessed Dec. 15, 2020)<\/span><br><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">19. US Census Bureau, \u201cApportionment Legislation 1840 &#8211; 1880,\u201d census.gov (accessed Dec. 15, 2020)<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"speaker-mute footnotes_reference_container\"> <div class=\"footnote_container_prepare\"><p><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_label pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_32_1();\">References<\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button\" style=\"display: none;\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_32_1();\">[<a id=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_32_1\">+<\/a>]<\/span><\/p><\/div> <div id=\"footnote_references_container_32_1\" style=\"\"><table class=\"footnotes_table footnote-reference-container\"><caption class=\"accessibility\">References<\/caption> <tbody> \r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_32_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_1');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_1\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>1<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Popular vote totals are not available for elections prior to 1824, and even when those totals subsequently started being reported, some states still chose electors in the state legislatures and therefore did not contribute to the popular vote (see 1824). Other early elections were marred by fraud and voter suppression (see 1876 and 1888).<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_32_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_2');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_2\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>2<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">1789: Prior to 1824, the majority of states selected electors in the state legislature rather than by popular vote.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_32_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_3');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_3\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>3<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">1789: Each of 69 eligible electors cast two votes. George Washington was elected unanimously with a vote from each elector. New York cast no votes because the state legislature couldn\u2019t agree on electors; Rhode Island and North Carolina did not vote because they hadn\u2019t ratified the US Constitution.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_32_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_4');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_4\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>4<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">1792: Each elector cast two votes. Three electors did not vote.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_32_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_5');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_5\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>5<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">  1796: Each elector cast two votes, and the second-highest vote recipient became vice president. Thirteen people received electoral votes. Even though there were 138 members of the Electoral College, the two main candidates received a total of 139 votes (71 for Adams + 68 for Jefferson). No reason for this discrepancy is provided in government records.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_32_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_6');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_6\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>6<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">1800: Electors didn\u2019t distinguish between president and vice president in their votes, so Thomas Jefferson and his running mate Aaron Burr both got 73 electoral votes and the decision went to the House of Representatives. The Federalist majority did not want to vote for Jefferson and so Congress voted over 30 times with no one reaching a majority. The deadlock was finally broken when some Federalists submitted blank ballots and Jefferson won the presidency.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_32_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_7');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_7\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>7<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">1808: Six faithless electors voted for George Clinton (Independent Democratic Republican) and one elector didn\u2019t vote due to illness.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_32_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_8');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_8\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>8<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">1812: One elector did not vote.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_32_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_9');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_9\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>9<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">1816: Four electors did not vote.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_32_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_10');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_10\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>10<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">1820: Last uncontested US Presidential election; one elector didn\u2019t want a unanimous election, so he voted for John Quincy Adams; three electors did not vote.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_32_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_11');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_11\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>11<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Andrew Jackson is listed as Democratic-Republican in the election results but he co-founded the Democratic Party in 1828, so this chart marks him in blue.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_32_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_12');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_12\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>12<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">1824: Four candidates all ran as Democratic-Republicans. Henry Clay received 37 electoral votes and William H. Crawford received 41 electoral votes.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_32_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_13');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_13\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>13<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">1824: Since no candidate had enough electoral votes to win, the House of Representatives selected John Quincy Adams as president even though he had fewer popular votes and fewer electoral votes than Andrew Jackson. In the 1824 election, 18 states had switched to the system of choosing electors by popular vote, while six states still let the state legislature choose. Since six states didn\u2019t hold popular elections, including New York, the most populous state in the 1820 census, the 1824 recorded popular vote totals are not an accurate representation of the entire nation.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_32_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_14');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_14\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>14<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Henry Clay formed the Whig party to counter Jacksonian Democrats in the 1830s; this resource therefore marks Clay in red to denote correlation with the Republican party.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_32_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_15');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_15\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>15<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">1832: William Wirt (Anti-Masonic party) received 7 electoral votes and John Floyd (Independent) received 11 electoral votes. Two electors didn\u2019t vote because of illness.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_32_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_16');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_16\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>16<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">The Whigs were formed to counter Jacksonian Democrats; this resource therefore marks Whigs in red.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_32_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_17');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_17\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>17<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">1836: Hugh L. White (26 electoral votes) and Daniel Webster (14 electoral votes) also ran as Whig party. W.P. Mangum\u2019s party is listed as Anti-Jackson, Independent, and Whig by various sources; he received 11 electoral votes.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_32_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_18');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_18\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>18<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">There are fewer electoral votes in 1844 (275) than in 1840 (294) because the number of seats in the House of Representatives decreased following apportionment from the 1840 census.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_32_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_19');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_19\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>19<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">There are fewer electoral votes in 1848 (290) than in 1840 (294) because the number of seats in the House went down following the 1840 census.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_32_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_20');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_20\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>20<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">1856: Millard Fillmore (Whig-American\/Know-Nothing party) received 8 electoral votes.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_32_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_21');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_21\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>21<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">1860: Southern Democratic John C. Breckinridge received 847,953 popular votes (18.1%) but won 72 electoral votes; Constitutional Union candidate John Bell received 39 electoral votes.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_32_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_22');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_22\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>22<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Eleven states (Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia) didn\u2019t participate because they had seceded from the Union.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_32_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_23');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_23\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>23<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Former Confederate states Mississippi, Texas, and Virginia weren\u2019t restored to the Union in time to vote in the election.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_32_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_24');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_24\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>24<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Greeley died after the election but before the electoral college was decided. Three electors still voted for Greeley but they were not counted by Congress. The remaining 63 electoral votes he would have gotten were split among others.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_32_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_25');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_25\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>25<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">1876: Democrat Tilden was leading the popular vote in early election returns, but fell one electoral vote short of the required 185. The electoral votes of Florida, Louisiana, Oregon, and South Carolina were in disputed until an advisory committee recommended that Congress give those states to Republican Hayes. Significant election fraud and suppression of Black voters, many of whom were Republicans, indicate that the popular vote totals may not be accurate in this election.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_32_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_26');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_26\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>26<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">1888: Grover Cleveland won the popular vote by 89,293, but Harrison won the electoral vote and became president by winning New York by 14,373 votes. Significant vote buying and voter fraud in this election may have led to inaccurate popular vote totals. Many votes were still cast publicly, a practice that lent itself to vote buying. A scandal in Indiana in this election helped usher in the practice of voting in secret.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_32_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_27');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_27\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>27<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">James B. Weaver received 22 electoral votes.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_32_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_28');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_28\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>28<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Bryan was nominated by the Democrat and Populist parties, which had the same slates of electors in some states but not in others.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_32_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_29');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_29\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>29<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">1924: Robert M. La Follette received 13 votes.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_32_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_30');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_30\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>30<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">1948: Strom Thurmond received 39 electoral votes.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_32_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_31');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_31\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>31<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">1956: One faithless elector voted for Walter Burgwyn Jones.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_32_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_32');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_32\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>32<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">1960: One faithless elector and 14 unpledged electors cast electoral votes for Harry Byrd.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_32_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_33');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_33\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>33<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">1968: George Wallace received 46 electoral votes as a third party candidate.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_32_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_34');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_34\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>34<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">1972: One faithless elector cast an electoral vote for John Hospers, the Libertarian candidate.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_32_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_35');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_35\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>35<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">1976: One faithless elector cast an electoral vote for Ronald Reagan.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_32_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_36');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_36\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>36<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">1988: One faithless elector cast an electoral vote for the Democratic vice presidential candidate to draw attention to the fact that members of the electoral college were not required to vote for the candidates to whom they were pledged.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_32_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_37');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_37\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>37<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">2000: An elector in DC abstained.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_32_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_38');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_38\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>38<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">2004: One faithless elector cast an electoral vote for John Edwards in what is believed to have been an error.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_32_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_32_1_39');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_32_1_39\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>39<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">2016: Seven faithless electors cast electoral votes for  Bernie Sanders (1), Ron Paul (1), John Kasich (1), Colin Powell (3), and Faith Spotted Eagle (1).<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n <\/tbody> <\/table> <\/div><\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> function footnote_expand_reference_container_32_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_32_1').show(); 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jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } }<\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>I. Introduction The chart below shows the candidates, popular votes, electoral votes, and the five times a candidate won despite losing the popular vote in all 59 US presidential elections. Democrats (party founded in 1828) are shown in blue and Republicans (party founded in 1854) in red. Elections in early US history are shown in [&#8230;]<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"btn btn-secondary understrap-read-more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/archive.amarkfoundation.org\/electoralcollegeinfo\/59-presidential-elections\/\">Read More&#8230;<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> from Results of the 59 US Presidential Elections<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-32","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"jetpack-related-posts":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.amarkfoundation.org\/electoralcollegeinfo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/32","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.amarkfoundation.org\/electoralcollegeinfo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.amarkfoundation.org\/electoralcollegeinfo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.amarkfoundation.org\/electoralcollegeinfo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.amarkfoundation.org\/electoralcollegeinfo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=32"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/archive.amarkfoundation.org\/electoralcollegeinfo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/32\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":470,"href":"https:\/\/archive.amarkfoundation.org\/electoralcollegeinfo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/32\/revisions\/470"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.amarkfoundation.org\/electoralcollegeinfo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=32"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}