{"id":242,"date":"2019-02-10T22:43:53","date_gmt":"2019-02-10T22:43:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/archive.amarkfoundation.org\/oceaninfo\/?page_id=242"},"modified":"2024-06-04T16:27:21","modified_gmt":"2024-06-04T16:27:21","slug":"ocean-plastic","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/archive.amarkfoundation.org\/oceaninfo\/ocean-plastic\/","title":{"rendered":"Ocean Plastic"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:22px\">Report: <strong>Plastics, Pollution &amp; Solutions: Recycling programs and solutions<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Updated March 20, 2023; originally published April 2018<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Executive Summary<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Plastic pollution is a problem that affects the entire world, polluting both land and water. The equivalent of nearly two trucks&#8217; worth of plastic litter is dumped into the oceans every minute, totaling 19-23 million metric tons annually. The entire marine ecosystem, from coral reefs and plankton to sperm whales, is negatively impacted by plastic pollution.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_242_1('footnote_plugin_reference_242_1_1');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_242_1('footnote_plugin_reference_242_1_1');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_242_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[1]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_242_1_1\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Alfred Wegener Institute, &#8220;The &#8216;Plastification&#8217; of the Ocean,&#8221; awi.de, February 9, 2022<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_242_1_1').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_242_1_1', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Huge plastic islands are floating in the ocean and coming ashore on small island nations. Some of the plastic can be recycled (PET or PETE \u2013 polyethylene terephthalate), some plastic cannot be mass recycled (food packaging), and some plastic contains chemicals that should not be used again (BPA \u2013 bisphenol-A).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Some start-ups and organizations are coming up with solutions to plastic pollution that benefit poverty-stricken communities overwhelmed by plastic debris.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Since pollution from plastic waste affects the entire world and continues to grow, and China, which had been recycling around half of the world\u2019s waste, began refusing to accept some recyclables from other countries, new solutions are needed to recycle the world\u2019s plastic pollution washing up on all of the world\u2019s shores.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In 2019, most of the world&#8217;s countries agreed to new restrictions on moving plastic waste to fight against the effects of plastic pollution.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_242_1('footnote_plugin_reference_242_1_2');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_242_1('footnote_plugin_reference_242_1_2');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_242_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[2]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_242_1_2\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Rob Picheta, &#8220;Over 180 Countries &#8212; Not Including the Us &#8212; Agree to Restrict Global Plastic Waste Trade,&#8221; cnn.com, May 11, 2019<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_242_1_2').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_242_1_2', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script> That action followed a global petition signed by nearly one million people urging action to prevent western countries from &#8220;dumping millions of tonnes of plastic waste on developing countries instead of recycling it.&#8221;<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_242_1('footnote_plugin_reference_242_1_3');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_242_1('footnote_plugin_reference_242_1_3');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_242_1_3\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[3]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_242_1_3\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Rob Picheta, &#8220;Over 180 Countries &#8212; Not Including the Us &#8212; Agree to Restrict Global Plastic Waste Trade,&#8221; cnn.com, May 11, 2019<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_242_1_3').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_242_1_3', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On March 2, 2022, 175 nations at the UN Environment Assembly adopted the first-ever plastics pollution treaty.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_242_1('footnote_plugin_reference_242_1_4');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_242_1('footnote_plugin_reference_242_1_4');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_242_1_4\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[4]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_242_1_4\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Reuters, &#8220;UN Agrees to Create World&#8217;s First-ever Plastics Pollution Treaty in a Blow to Big Oil,&#8221; CNN.com, March 2, 2022<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_242_1_4').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_242_1_4', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script> The resolution pledged to draft a legally binding agreement tackling plastic pollution by 2024.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_242_1('footnote_plugin_reference_242_1_5');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_242_1('footnote_plugin_reference_242_1_5');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_242_1_5\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[5]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_242_1_5\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">FP Explainers, &#8220;UN Passes Historic Resolution to End Plastic Pollution: What Does It Mean, Why This Is a Need of the Hour,&#8221; firstpost.com, March 4, 2022<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_242_1_5').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_242_1_5', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script> In a joint statement welcoming the resolution, US Senators Bob Menendez (D-NJ), Dan Sullivan (R-Alaska), and Sheldon Whitehouse (D-RI), stated: &#8220;We are very pleased to see this major step forward in the global fight against the marine debris crisis and look forward to collaborating with partner countries to reach a final agreement.\u201d<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_242_1('footnote_plugin_reference_242_1_6');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_242_1('footnote_plugin_reference_242_1_6');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_242_1_6\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[6]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_242_1_6\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, &#8220;Joint Statement From Senators Menendez, Sullivan, Whitehouse on the UN Environment Assembly\u2019s Establishment of Committee to Tackle Global&nbsp;&#x2026; <span class=\"footnote_tooltip_continue\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_242_1('footnote_plugin_reference_242_1_6');\">Continue reading<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_242_1_6').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_242_1_6', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On December 19, 2022, 196 states party to UN Convention on Biological Diversity adopted the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. The framework sets out four goals and 23 targets against biodiversity loss to be achieved by 2030. Target 7 demands that states prevent, reduce and work toward eliminating plastic pollution from all sources.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_242_1('footnote_plugin_reference_242_1_7');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_242_1('footnote_plugin_reference_242_1_7');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_242_1_7\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[7]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_242_1_7\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Convention of Biological Diversity (CBD), \u201cCOP Nations Adopt Four Goals, 23 Targets for 2030 in Landmark UN Biodiversity Agreement,\u201d cbd.int, December 19, 2022,&nbsp;&#x2026; <span class=\"footnote_tooltip_continue\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_242_1('footnote_plugin_reference_242_1_7');\">Continue reading<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_242_1_7').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_242_1_7', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_242_1('footnote_plugin_reference_242_1_8');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_242_1('footnote_plugin_reference_242_1_8');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_242_1_8\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[8]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_242_1_8\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">The United States and the Holy See are the only two states yet to ratify the UN Convention on Biological Diversity. The United States became a signatory in 1993 but are yet to ratify it. See:&nbsp;&#x2026; <span class=\"footnote_tooltip_continue\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_242_1('footnote_plugin_reference_242_1_8');\">Continue reading<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_242_1_8').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_242_1_8', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On March 4, 2023, participants at the Intergovernmental Conference on Marine Diversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ) agreed\u00a0on the text of a\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/amarkfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/draft_agreement_advanced_unedited_for_posting_v1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Draft Agreement under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biological Diversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction<\/a>.<\/em>\u00a0The legally binding agreement, 19 years in the making, recognizes the need to address biodiversity loss and degradation of ecosystems of the ocean due to climate change, ocean acidification, pollution (including plastic pollution) and unsustainable use.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_242_1('footnote_plugin_reference_242_1_9');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_242_1('footnote_plugin_reference_242_1_9');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_242_1_9\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[9]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_242_1_9\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Singapore, &#8220;Successful Conclusion of Negotiations Under Singapore&#8217;s Presidency on a New United Nations Agreement on Marine Biological Diversity in Areas&nbsp;&#x2026; <span class=\"footnote_tooltip_continue\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_242_1('footnote_plugin_reference_242_1_9');\">Continue reading<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_242_1_9').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_242_1_9', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>\u00a0The agreement was adopted on June 19, 2023, and opened for signature in New York on September 20, 2023. It will enter into force 120 days after the date of the sixtieth instrument of ratification, approval, acceptance or accession. As of May 14, 2024, five states \u2013 Belize, Chile, Monaco, Palau and the Seychelles have ratified the agreement.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_242_1('footnote_plugin_reference_242_1_10');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_242_1('footnote_plugin_reference_242_1_10');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_242_1_10\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[10]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_242_1_10\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">United Nations Treaty Collection, \u201cChapter XXI Law of the Sea: 10. Agreement under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biological&nbsp;&#x2026; <span class=\"footnote_tooltip_continue\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_242_1('footnote_plugin_reference_242_1_10');\">Continue reading<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_242_1_10').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_242_1_10', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/amarkfoundation.org\/reports\/plastics-pollution-and-solutions\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Click here<\/a><\/strong> to read the entire report on plastics pollution.<\/p>\n<div class=\"speaker-mute footnotes_reference_container\"> <div class=\"footnote_container_prepare\"><p><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_label pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_242_1();\">References<\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button\" style=\"display: none;\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_242_1();\">[<a id=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_242_1\">+<\/a>]<\/span><\/p><\/div> <div id=\"footnote_references_container_242_1\" style=\"\"><table class=\"footnotes_table footnote-reference-container\"><caption class=\"accessibility\">References<\/caption> <tbody> \r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_242_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_242_1_1');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_242_1_1\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>1<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Alfred Wegener Institute, &#8220;The &#8216;Plastification&#8217; of the Ocean,&#8221; awi.de, February 9, 2022<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi\" ><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_242_1_2\" class=\"footnote_backlink\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_242_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_242_1_2');\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>2,<\/a> <a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_242_1_3\" class=\"footnote_backlink\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_242_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_242_1_3');\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>3<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Rob Picheta, &#8220;Over 180 Countries &#8212; Not Including the Us &#8212; Agree to Restrict Global Plastic Waste Trade,&#8221; cnn.com, May 11, 2019<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_242_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_242_1_4');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_242_1_4\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>4<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Reuters, &#8220;UN Agrees to Create World&#8217;s First-ever Plastics Pollution Treaty in a Blow to Big Oil,&#8221; CNN.com, March 2, 2022<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_242_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_242_1_5');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_242_1_5\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>5<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">FP Explainers, &#8220;UN Passes Historic Resolution to End Plastic Pollution: What Does It Mean, Why This Is a Need of the Hour,&#8221; firstpost.com, March 4, 2022<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_242_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_242_1_6');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_242_1_6\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>6<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, &#8220;Joint Statement From Senators Menendez, Sullivan, Whitehouse on the UN Environment Assembly\u2019s Establishment of Committee to Tackle Global Plastic Pollution,&#8221; foreign.senate.gov, March 3, 2022<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_242_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_242_1_7');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_242_1_7\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>7<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Convention of Biological Diversity (CBD), \u201cCOP Nations Adopt Four Goals, 23 Targets for 2030 in Landmark UN Biodiversity Agreement,\u201d cbd.int, December 19, 2022, <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.cbd.int\/article\/cop15-cbd-press-release-final-19dec2022<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_242_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_242_1_8');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_242_1_8\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>8<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">The United States and the Holy See are the only two states yet to ratify the UN Convention on Biological Diversity. The United States became a signatory in 1993 but are yet to ratify it. See: Convention of Biological Diversity (CBD), \u201cList of Parties,\u201d cbd.int, accessed January 16, 2023, <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.cbd.int\/information\/parties.shtml<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_242_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_242_1_9');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_242_1_9\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>9<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Singapore, &#8220;Successful Conclusion of Negotiations Under Singapore&#8217;s Presidency on a New United Nations Agreement on Marine Biological Diversity in Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction,&#8221; mfa.gov.sg, March 5, 2023,\u00a0<span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.mfa.gov.sg\/Newsroom\/Press-Statements-Transcripts-and-Photos\/2023\/03\/BBNJ<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_242_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_242_1_10');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_242_1_10\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>10<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">United Nations Treaty Collection, \u201cChapter XXI Law of the Sea: 10. Agreement under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biological Diversity of Areas beyond National Jurisdiction, New York, 19 June 2023,\u201d treaties.un.org, last updated May 14, 2024, <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/treaties.un.org\/Pages\/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=XXI-10&amp;chapter=21&amp;clang=_en<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n <\/tbody> <\/table> <\/div><\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> function footnote_expand_reference_container_242_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_242_1').show(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_242_1').text('\u2212'); } function footnote_collapse_reference_container_242_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_242_1').hide(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_242_1').text('+'); } function footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_242_1() { if (jQuery('#footnote_references_container_242_1').is(':hidden')) { footnote_expand_reference_container_242_1(); } else { footnote_collapse_reference_container_242_1(); } } function footnote_moveToReference_242_1(p_str_TargetID) { footnote_expand_reference_container_242_1(); var l_obj_Target = jQuery('#' + p_str_TargetID); if (l_obj_Target.length) { jQuery( 'html, body' ).delay( 0 ); jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } } function footnote_moveToAnchor_242_1(p_str_TargetID) { footnote_expand_reference_container_242_1(); var l_obj_Target = jQuery('#' + p_str_TargetID); if (l_obj_Target.length) { jQuery( 'html, body' ).delay( 0 ); jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } }<\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Report: Plastics, Pollution &amp; Solutions: Recycling programs and solutions Updated March 20, 2023; originally published April 2018 Executive Summary Plastic pollution is a problem that affects the entire world, polluting both land and water. The equivalent of nearly two trucks&#8217; worth of plastic litter is dumped into the oceans every minute, totaling 19-23 million metric [&#8230;]<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"btn btn-secondary understrap-read-more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/archive.amarkfoundation.org\/oceaninfo\/ocean-plastic\/\">Read More&#8230;<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> from Ocean Plastic<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-242","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":54,"url":"https:\/\/archive.amarkfoundation.org\/oceaninfo\/pollution\/","url_meta":{"origin":242,"position":0},"title":"Pollution","author":"NF0admin","date":"July 17, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"I. Ocean PollutionII. Ocean Noise Pollution I. Ocean Pollution Algalita - US-based nonprofit dedicated to the issue of ocean plastic pollution. Beach Environmental Awareness Campaign Hawai'i (B.E.A.C.H.) - US-based nonprofit bringing \"awareness and solutions to the\u00a0problem of marine debris on Hawai'i's beaches.\" Blue Ocean Society for Marine Conservation - US-based\u2026","rel":"","context":"Similar post","block_context":{"text":"Similar post","link":""},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":6,"url":"https:\/\/archive.amarkfoundation.org\/oceaninfo\/","url_meta":{"origin":242,"position":1},"title":"Ocean Info: Aggregated Information on Our Oceans","author":"NF0admin","date":"February 26, 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"The ocean-related information on this site is divided into the following categories: Global and Regional Water TemperaturesCoral Reefs and Marine SanctuariesCurrents and TidesGlobal and Regional Water SalinityGlobal Water HeightOxygen in the OceanOcean Pollution and Noise PollutionFisheries and Marine LifeBeach Information and Floats and Conditions We believe the oceans are vitally\u2026","rel":"","context":"Similar post","block_context":{"text":"Similar post","link":""},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":33,"url":"https:\/\/archive.amarkfoundation.org\/oceaninfo\/methodology\/","url_meta":{"origin":242,"position":2},"title":"Methodology","author":"NF0admin","date":"July 17, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"Accuracy:This website links to many other sites. Some of those sites might update their information while others might not. We do not have the resources to check these links regularly, but readers are encouraged to contact us if they believe a link is no longer current or accurate.Unbiased Information:We are\u2026","rel":"","context":"Similar post","block_context":{"text":"Similar post","link":""},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":12,"url":"https:\/\/archive.amarkfoundation.org\/oceaninfo\/quotes\/","url_meta":{"origin":242,"position":3},"title":"Quotes","author":"NF0admin","date":"March 4, 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"Quotes about the Ocean \"The least movement is of importance to all nature. The entire ocean is affected by a pebble.\"Blaise Pascal, French mathematician, 1623-1662 \"That Ocean is a mighty harmonist.\"William Wordsworth, English Romantic poet, in the poem \"On the Power of Sound,\" 1835 \"The sea has never been friendly\u2026","rel":"","context":"Similar post","block_context":{"text":"Similar post","link":""},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":51,"url":"https:\/\/archive.amarkfoundation.org\/oceaninfo\/fisheries-and-marine-life\/","url_meta":{"origin":242,"position":4},"title":"Fisheries and Marine Life","author":"NF0admin","date":"July 17, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"I. Global Fisheries II. Regional Fisheries III. Marine Life I. Global Fisheries Atlantic Salmon Federation - International nonprofit dedicated to wild Atlantic salmon. Jean-Michel Cousteau' Ocean Futures Society\u00a0- Organization \"committed to educating the public on marine conservation and finding sustainable solutions to protect our ocean planet.\" Ocean Conservancy - \"5\u2026","rel":"","context":"Similar post","block_context":{"text":"Similar post","link":""},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.amarkfoundation.org\/oceaninfo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/242","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.amarkfoundation.org\/oceaninfo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.amarkfoundation.org\/oceaninfo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.amarkfoundation.org\/oceaninfo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.amarkfoundation.org\/oceaninfo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=242"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/archive.amarkfoundation.org\/oceaninfo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/242\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":708,"href":"https:\/\/archive.amarkfoundation.org\/oceaninfo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/242\/revisions\/708"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.amarkfoundation.org\/oceaninfo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=242"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}