{"id":6247,"date":"2022-06-04T00:51:56","date_gmt":"2022-06-04T00:51:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/archive.amarkfoundation.org\/the2020election\/?page_id=6247"},"modified":"2022-08-02T22:34:53","modified_gmt":"2022-08-02T22:34:53","slug":"2020-election-recounts-and-audits","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/archive.amarkfoundation.org\/the2020election\/2020-election-recounts-and-audits\/","title":{"rendered":"2020 Election Recounts and Audits"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><em><sup>Last updated August 2022<\/sup><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column topicbox has-amf-tan-to-tan-accent-gradient-background has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<h4 class=\"has-text-align-center topiclist wp-block-heading\">Quick Facts:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"topiclist wp-block-list\"><li><strong>As of the 2020 election, 27 states and DC had provisions for an automatic recount for thin election margins and 43 states allowed requested recounts under certain circumstances.<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>As of the 2020 election, routine post-election audits were required by law in 34 states and DC to check the accuracy of the results and\/or review election procedures and equipment.<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>Arizona, Georgia, Pennsylvania, Texas, and Wisconsin held recounts or audits of the 2020 election beyond the scope of automatic recounts or traditional audits.<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>Biden&#8217;s margin of victory increased in Arizona by 360 votes and in Wisconsin by 87 votes, and decreased in Georgia by 891 votes. The change in votes is not known for Texas, and Pennsylvania audit results are pending as of June 6, 2022.<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>A study found that 31 recounts occurred in the 5,778 statewide elections from 2000 to 2019; three races, all with margins of victory less than 0.05%, were overturned.<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/archive.amarkfoundation.org\/the2020election\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/trump-biden-shutterstock-1024x686.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7396\" width=\"768\" height=\"515\" srcset=\"https:\/\/archive.amarkfoundation.org\/the2020election\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/trump-biden-shutterstock-1024x686.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/archive.amarkfoundation.org\/the2020election\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/trump-biden-shutterstock-300x201.jpg 300w, https:\/\/archive.amarkfoundation.org\/the2020election\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/trump-biden-shutterstock-768x514.jpg 768w, https:\/\/archive.amarkfoundation.org\/the2020election\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/trump-biden-shutterstock-1536x1029.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/archive.amarkfoundation.org\/the2020election\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/trump-biden-shutterstock-2048x1372.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><figcaption>Donald Trump and Joe Biden at a debate on October 24, 2020\/Shutterstock.com<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"2020\"><strong>Table of Contents<\/strong><br>I. <a href=\"#recounts\">What Are Recounts?<\/a><br>II. <a href=\"#audits\">What Are Audits?<\/a><br>III. <a href=\"#states\">2020 Election Recounts and Audits in Five States<\/a><br>IV. <a href=\"#law-summary\">Summary of Recount and Audit Laws in Five States<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"recounts\">I. What Are Recounts?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>In an election recount, the votes are counted again to confirm the initial results. A recount is a type of audit.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_6247_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_1');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_6247_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_1');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[1]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6247_1_1\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">US Election Assistance Commission, Voluntary Voting System Guidelines, Volume 1, Version 1.0, eac.gov, 2005<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_1').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6247_1_1', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script> Votes can be recounted by hand or run through the tabulation machines again.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>At the time of the 2020 election, 27 states and DC had provisions for an automatic recount if the election results fell within a specific margin. In Pennsylvania, for example, a recount would automatically take place if the margin of victory were under 0.5%.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_6247_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_2');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_6247_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_2');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[2]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6247_1_2\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Ballotpedia, &#8220;Election Recount Laws and Procedures in the 50 States, 2020,&#8221; ballotpedia.com (accessed May 31, 2022)<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_2').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6247_1_2', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>In November 2020, 43 states allowed for requested recounts under various conditions, such as a specific margin of victory. Some states allow for partial recounts. In Wisconsin, for example, the Trump campaign requested recounts in two specific counties following the 2020 election.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_6247_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_3');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_6247_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_3');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_3\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[3]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6247_1_3\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Ballotpedia, &#8220;Election Recount Laws and Procedures in the 50 States, 2020,&#8221; ballotpedia.com (accessed May 31, 2022)<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_3').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6247_1_3', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Recounts occurred in 31 of the 5,778 statewide elections held between 2000 and 2019. The outcome of a race was overturned by a recount just three times, with all three instances in elections that had a margin of victory less than 0.05%.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_6247_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_4');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_6247_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_4');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_4\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[4]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6247_1_4\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">FairVote, &#8220;Election Recounts Rarely Change the Outcome,&#8221; FairVote.org, November 4, 2020<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_4').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6247_1_4', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script> The overturned results were for Governor of Washington in 2004, state auditor in Vermont in 2006, and a US Senate seat for Minnesota in 2008.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_6247_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_5');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_6247_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_5');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_5\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[5]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6247_1_5\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">FairVote, &#8220;A Survey and Analysis of Statewide Election Recounts,&#8221; fairvote.app.box.com, November 2020<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_5').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6247_1_5', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"audits\">II. What Are Audits?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>An election audit is usually a routine check of the results for accuracy or a review of the procedures or equipment used in the election.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_6247_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_6');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_6247_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_6');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_6\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[6]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6247_1_6\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Andrew Seidman and Jonathan Lai, &#8220;What to Know About Pennsylvania Republicans\u2019 Investigation of the 2020 election,&#8221; inquirer.com, October 15, 2021<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_6').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6247_1_6', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script> Reviews of a random sample of ballots cast on a voting machine can be done by hand or by running the ballots through the machine again to check that the reported results were accurate.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_6247_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_7');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_6247_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_7');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_7\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[7]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6247_1_7\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Verified Voting, &#8220;Audits vs. Recounts: What\u2019s the Difference?, verifiedvoting.org, November 18, 2020<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_7').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6247_1_7', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Routine post-election audits are required by law in 34 states and DC.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_6247_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_8');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_6247_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_8');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_8\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[8]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6247_1_8\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">National Conference of State Legislatures, \u201cPost-Election Audits,\u201d ncsl.org, April 1, 2022<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_8').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6247_1_8', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script> Various states have been testing a new form of audit called &#8220;risk-limiting audit&#8221; (RLA) since 2008.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>According to the organization Verified Voting, an RLA &#8220;is a post-election audit which gives statistical evidence that the machine-tabulated results are consistent with what a full hand count of ballots would reveal. Unlike fixed percentage audits, an RLA limits the risk that the wrong election result will be certified because of a tabulation error.&#8221;<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_6247_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_9');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_6247_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_9');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_9\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[9]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6247_1_9\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Verified Voting, &#8220;What Is a Risk-Limiting Audit?,&#8221; verifiedvoting.org, May 2020<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_9').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6247_1_9', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Republican-led audits following the 2020 election sometimes used the term &#8220;full forensic audit.&#8221; The term does not have a specific definition in the context of elections, but became more popular following the Arizona GOP-led investigation starting in late 2020.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_6247_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_10');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_6247_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_10');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_10\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[10]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6247_1_10\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Andrew Seidman and Jonathan Lai, &#8220;All eyes turn to Pennsylvania After Arizona\u2019s \u2018Audit\u2019 Affirmed Biden\u2019s Presidential Victory,&#8221; mcall.com, September 24, 2021<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_10').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6247_1_10', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script> The charts below use the term to indicate what the organizers called the process.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"centerheader wp-block-heading\" id=\"states\">III. 2020 Election Recounts and Audits in Five States<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table centerheader\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>A.<br>State<\/th><th>B.<br>Initial Results<\/th><th>C.<br>Initial Margin of Victory (%)<\/th><th>D.<br>Type of Audit\/Recount<\/th><th>E.<br>Audit\/Recount Results<\/th><th>F.<br>Audit\/Recount Margin of Victory (%)<\/th><th>G.<br>Initial Results Confirmed?<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>1. <strong>Arizona<\/strong> Republican Senators&#8217; Full Forensic Audit of Maricopa County<\/td><td>Biden: 1,040,774<br><br>Trump: 995,665<\/td><td><strong>Biden won<\/strong> Maricopa County by 45,109 votes (2.22%)<\/td><td>Maricopa County Audit<\/td><td>Biden: 1,040,873<br><br>Trump: 995,404<\/td><td><strong>Biden won<\/strong> by 45,469 votes (2.23%) &#8211; <strong>net increase of 360 votes<\/strong><\/td><td>Yes<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2. <strong>Georgia<\/strong> Risk-Limiting Audit <\/td><td>Biden: 2,473,383<br><br>Trump: 2,459,825<\/td><td><strong>Biden won<\/strong> Georgia by 13,558 votes (0.27%)<\/td><td>Statewide Audit (hand recount)<\/td><td>Biden: 2,475,141<br><br>Trump: 2,462,857<\/td><td><strong>Biden won<\/strong> by 12,284 votes (0.25%) &#8211; <strong>net decrease of 1,274 votes<\/strong><\/td><td>Yes<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>3. <strong>Georgia<\/strong> Trump-Requested Recount <\/td><td>Biden: 2,474,507<br><br>Trump: 2,461,837<\/td><td><strong>Biden won<\/strong> Georgia by 12,670 votes (0.26%)<\/td><td>Statewide Recount (machine tally)<\/td><td>Biden: 2,473,633<br><br>Trump: 2,461,854<\/td><td><strong>Biden won<\/strong> by 11,779 votes (0.24%) &#8211; <strong>net decrease of 891 votes<\/strong><\/td><td>Yes<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>4. <strong>Pennsylvania<\/strong> Republican Senators&#8217; Forensic Audit<\/td><td>Biden: 3,459,923<br><br>Trump: 3,378,263<\/td><td><strong>Biden won<\/strong> Pennsylvania by 81,660 votes (1.19%)<\/td><td>Statewide Audit<\/td><td>See entry below for details<\/td><td>See entry below for details<\/td><td>Unknown<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>5. <strong>Texas<\/strong> Secretary of State Full Forensic Audit<\/td><td>Biden: 5,259,126<br><br>Trump: 5,890,347<\/td><td><strong>Trump won<\/strong> Texas by 631,221 votes (5.66%)<\/td><td>Dallas, Harris, Tarrant, and Collin Counties Audit<\/td><td>See entry below for details<\/td><td>See entry below for details<\/td><td>Yes<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>6. <strong>Wisconsin<\/strong> Trump-Requested Partial Recount<\/td><td>Biden: 1,630,673<br><br>Trump: 1,610,065<\/td><td><strong>Biden won<\/strong> Wisconsin by 20,608 votes (0.64%)<\/td><td>Recount in Two Counties<\/td><td>Biden: 1,630,866<br><br>Trump: 1,610,184<\/td><td><strong>Biden won<\/strong> by 20,682 votes (0.64%) &#8211; <strong>net increase of 74 votes<\/strong><\/td><td>Yes<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>6a. <strong>Wisconsin<\/strong> (Dane County)<\/td><td>Biden: 260,185<br><br>Trump: 78,800<\/td><td><strong>Biden won<\/strong> Dane County by 181,385 votes (53.51%)<\/td><td>Dane County Recount<\/td><td>Biden: 260,094<br><br>Trump: 78,754<\/td><td><strong>Biden won<\/strong> by 181,340 votes (53.52%) &#8211; <strong>net decrease of 45 votes<\/strong><\/td><td>Yes<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>6b. <strong>Wisconsin<\/strong> (Milwaukee County)<\/td><td>Biden: 317,270<br><br>Trump: 134,357<\/td><td><strong>Biden won<\/strong> Milwaukee County by 182,913 votes (40.50%)<\/td><td>Milwaukee County Recount<\/td><td>Biden: 317,527<br><br>Trump: 134,482<\/td><td><strong>Biden won<\/strong> by 183,045 votes (40.5%) &#8211; <strong>net increase of 132 votes<\/strong><\/td><td>Yes<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Arizona &#8211; Maricopa County Full Forensic Audit (Completed September 24, 2021)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Biden defeated Trump by 10,457 votes in Arizona, a 0.31% margin.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_6247_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_11');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_6247_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_11');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_11\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[11]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6247_1_11\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">New York Times, &#8220;Arizona Election Results,&#8221; nytimes.com (accessed June 3, 2022)<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_11').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6247_1_11', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script> In Maricopa County, the biggest county in Arizona and fourth-largest in the nation, Biden won by 45,109 votes (2.22% margin).<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_6247_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_12');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_6247_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_12');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_12\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[12]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6247_1_12\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Maricopa County Sheriff&#8217;s Office, &#8220;Quick Facts About Maricopa County,&#8221; mcso.org (accessed June 3, 2022)<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_12').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6247_1_12', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_6247_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_13');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_6247_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_13');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_13\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[13]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6247_1_13\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Maricopa County Elections Department, \u201cNovember General Election Canvass,\u201d recorder.maricopa.gov, November 3, 2020<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_13').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6247_1_13', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In March 2021, Arizona&#8217;s Republican-led Senate hired a company called Cyber Ninjas to perform what it called a &#8220;full forensic audit&#8221; of the Maricopa County&#8217;s 2020 election results, including a hand recount of the 2,089,563 ballots cast.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_6247_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_14');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_6247_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_14');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_14\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[14]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6247_1_14\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Arizona Senate Republicans, Arizona Senate Hires Auditor to Review 2020 Election in Maricopa County,\u201d azsenaterepublicans.com, March 31, 2021<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_14').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6247_1_14', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script> The audit cost an estimated $5.7 million, paid for by several pro-Trump groups.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_6247_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_15');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_6247_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_15');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_15\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[15]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6247_1_15\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Jerod MacDonald-Evoy, \u201cWho Are the Groups Who Paid to \u2018Audit\u2019 the Arizona Election?,\u201d azmirror.com, August 2, 2021<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_15').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6247_1_15', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/archive.amarkfoundation.org\/the2020election\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/cyber-ninjas-vol3.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Cyber Ninjas September 24, 2021, report<\/a> showed that<strong> Biden gained 99 votes while Trump lost 261, a net increase of 360 votes for Biden&#8217;s margin of victory. The audit changed the margin of victory from 2.22% to 2.23%, and confirmed Biden&#8217;s victory in the county.<\/strong><span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_6247_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_16');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_6247_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_16');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_16\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[16]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6247_1_16\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Cyber Ninjas, \u201cMaricopa County Forensic Election Audit Volume III: Result Details,\u201d azsenaterepublicans.com, September 24, 2021<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_16').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6247_1_16', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Despite the outcome of the hand recount, Trump claimed that the report proved the existence of fraud in the election because, he said, the &#8220;report conclusively shows there were enough fraudulent votes, mystery votes, and fake votes to change the outcome of the election 4 or 5 times over.&#8221;<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_6247_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_17');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_6247_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_17');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_17\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[17]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6247_1_17\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Donald Trump, &#8220;Statement by Donald J. Trump, 45th President of the United States of America,&#8221; donaldjtrump.com, September 24, 2021<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_17').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6247_1_17', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script> The Maricopa County Elections Department <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.amarkfoundation.org\/the2020election\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/maricopa-cyber-ninja-response.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">released a rebuttal<\/a> to these claims, stating that the Cyber Ninjas report displayed &#8220;faulty analysis, inaccurate claims, misleading conclusions, and a lack of understanding of federal and state election laws.&#8221;<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_6247_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_18');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_6247_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_18');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_18\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[18]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6247_1_18\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Maricopa County Elections Department, \u201cCorrecting the Record,\u201d recorder.maricopa.gov, January 2022<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_18').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6247_1_18', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"Brnovich\">On August 1, 2022, Arizona Attorney General <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.amarkfoundation.org\/the2020election\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/BrnovichLetter.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Mark Brnovich wrote in a letter to state Senate President Karen Fann<\/a>, &#8220;We received numerous complaints regarding allegations of dead voters during the 2020 elections, including those presented to us by you on September 24, 2021, following the completion of the Cyber Ninjas\u2019 audit. This specific complaint alleged that 282 individuals who were deceased prior to October 5, 2020, voted in the November 3, 2020 general election. After spending hundreds of hours reviewing these allegations, our investigators were able to determine that only one of the 282 individuals on the list was deceased at the time of the election. \u2026 Some [claims] were so absurd the names and birthdates didn\u2019t even match the deceased, and others included dates of death after the election.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Georgia &#8211; Statewide Risk-Limiting Audit (Completed November 19, 2020)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>A 2019 law led to the Georgia State Election Board&#8217;s 2020 rule requiring a risk-limiting audit following November general elections in even-numbered years prior to certifying the results.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_6247_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_19');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_6247_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_19');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_19\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[19]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6247_1_19\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Verified Voting, &#8220;Georgia Audit Laws,&#8221; verifiedvoting.org (accessed June 2, 2022)<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_19').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6247_1_19', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script> For the 2020 election, Georgia Secretary of State Brad Raffensperger called it &#8220;an audit, a recount and a recanvass all at once.&#8221; While the audit was required by law, he called for the recount due to the close margins of the results.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_6247_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_20');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_6247_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_20');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_20\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[20]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6247_1_20\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Stephen Fowler, &#8220;Georgia To Conduct Hand Recount In Razor-Thin Presidential Race,&#8221; gpb.org, November 11, 2020<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_20').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6247_1_20', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script> Georgia manually recounted the state&#8217;s approximately 5 million votes in the 2020 presidential election.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Biden gained 1,758 votes while Trump gained 3,032, a net decrease of 1,274 votes for Biden&#8217;s margin of victory. The audit changed the margin of victory from 0.27% to 0.25%, but confirmed Biden&#8217;s victory in the state.<\/strong><span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_6247_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_21');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_6247_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_21');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_21\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[21]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6247_1_21\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Josh Holder and Amy Schoenfeld Walker, &#8220;Where Georgia\u2019s Hand Recount Differed From the Initial Tally, by County,&#8221; nytimes.com, November 19, 2020<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_21').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6247_1_21', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Georgia &#8211; Statewide Trump-Requested Recount (Completed December 7, 2020)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Georgia law allows for candidates to request a recount after the voted are certified if the margin is less than 0.5%. This recount involves rescanning the paper ballots by machine. Results of a recount become the new official results.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_6247_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_22');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_6247_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_22');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_22\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[22]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6247_1_22\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Katie Brumback, &#8220;Georgia Again Certifies Election Results Showing Biden Won,&#8221; apnews.com, December 7, 2020<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_22').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6247_1_22', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script> It&#8217;s not clear why the initial counts dated November 20, 2020, are slightly different than the published risk-limiting audit results (shown above in rows 2 and 3), but the outcome is not impacted by the discrepancy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Biden lost 874 votes while Trump gained 17, net decrease of 891 votes for Biden&#8217;s margin of victory. The recount changed the margin of victory from 0.26% to 0.24%, but confirmed Biden&#8217;s victory in the state.<\/strong><span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_6247_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_23');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_6247_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_23');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_23\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[23]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6247_1_23\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Georgia Secretary of State Brad Raffensperger, \u201cNovember 3, 2020 Presidential Recount,\u201d results.enr.clarityelections.com, December 7, 2020<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_23').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6247_1_23', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Pennsylvania &#8211; Statewide Forensic Audit Investigation (Unresolved)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Pennsylvania law requires an automatic recount if the margin is 0.5% or less, but it was not triggered because Biden&#8217;s margin of victory was 1.19%.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_6247_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_24');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_6247_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_24');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_24\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[24]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6247_1_24\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">New York Times, &#8220;Pennsylvania Election Results,&#8221; nytimes.com (accessed June 3, 2022)<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_24').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6247_1_24', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>County election boards are required to review a random sample of 2% of all ballots or 2,000 ballots, whichever is smaller, to verify accuracy of the results. This process was completed after the 2020 election before the state certified its results.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_6247_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_25');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_6247_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_25');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_25\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[25]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6247_1_25\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Andrew Seidman and Jonathan Lai, &#8220;What to Know About Pennsylvania Republicans\u2019 Investigation of the 2020 election,&#8221; inquirer.com, October 15, 2021<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_25').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6247_1_25', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script> In addition, 63 of the 67 counties in Pennsylvania conducted risk-limiting audits as part of a pilot program. According to then-Pennsylvania Secretary of State Kathy Boockvar, &#8220;The results of the sample mirrored the reported presidential election results across the participating counties within a fraction of a percentage point, providing confirmation of the accuracy of the vote count.&#8221;<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_6247_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_26');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_6247_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_26');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_26\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[26]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6247_1_26\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Pennsylvania Pressroom, &#8220;Risk-Limiting Audit Pilot Of November 2020 Presidential Election Finds Strong Evidence Of Accurate Count\u202f,&#8221; media.pa.gov, February 5, 2021<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_26').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6247_1_26', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pennsylvania Senate Republicans called for further investigation into the election, which some Republicans are referring to as a &#8220;forensic audit.&#8221; In November 2021, state senate Republicans contracted a company called Envoy Sage to conduct the investigation at a cost to taxpayers of $270,250 with expected results in May 2022. Media outlets noted that details about the investigation were unclear and there was no guarantee that the results would be made public.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_6247_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_27');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_6247_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_27');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_27\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[27]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6247_1_27\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Sam Dunklau, &#8220;Pa. Senate Election \u2018Audit\u2019 Contract Doesn\u2019t Say If the Public Will See the Results,&#8221; whyy.org, December 7, 2021<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_27').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6247_1_27', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script> In January 2022, the Pennsylvania Supreme Court blocked the investigations&#8217; planned inspection of Dominion voting machines in one county. That same month, a lower court allowed some subpoena&#8217;s of voters&#8217; information to proceed but not others.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_6247_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_28');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_6247_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_28');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_28\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[28]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6247_1_28\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Alison Durkee, &#8220;Pennsylvania Supreme Court Blocks Voting Machine Inspection In GOP Election Audit,&#8221; forbes.com, January 14, 2022<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_28').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6247_1_28', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>No outcome is available as of June 3, 2022.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[<strong>Note:<\/strong> Results of an <a href=\"https:\/\/www.co.fulton.pa.us\/files\/elections\/Fulton%20County%20PA%20EMS%20Assessment%202-19-2021.pdf\">audit conducted in Fulton County, Pennsylvania<\/a>, were released on February 19, 2021. In this county, Trump received 6,824 votes and Biden received 1,085 votes.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_6247_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_29');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_6247_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_29');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_29\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[29]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6247_1_29\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Fulton County, \u201cGeneral Certificate of Result of All Votes Cast at the 2020 General Election November 3, 2020,\u201d www.co.fulton.pa.us, November 20, 2020<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_29').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6247_1_29', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script> The final report does not appear to contain updated vote totals for either candidate following the audit.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Texas &#8211; Full Forensic Audit in Four Counties (Phase I Completed December 31, 2021)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Although he won the state by over five points, Trump called on Texas to audit its results in an <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/archive.amarkfoundation.org\/the2020election\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Trump-Letter-to-Abbott09232021.jpg\" target=\"_blank\">open letter to Texas Governor Greg Abbott<\/a> on September 23, 2021. Within hours, the Texas secretary of state\u2019s office announced an audit of what it called &#8220;Texas&#8217; two largest Democrat counties and two largest Republican counties \u2014 Dallas, Harris, Tarrant, and Collin \u2014 for the 2020 election.&#8221;<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_6247_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_30');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_6247_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_30');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_30\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[30]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6247_1_30\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">New York Times, &#8220;Texas Election Results,&#8221; nytimes.com (accessed June 3, 2022)<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_30').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6247_1_30', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_6247_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_31');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_6247_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_31');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_31\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[31]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6247_1_31\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Amy B. Wang, &#8220;Texas Secretary of State\u2019s Office Announces Audit of 2020 Election Results After Trump Calls for One,&#8221; washingtonpost.com, September 23, 2021<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_31').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6247_1_31', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script> In the 2020 election, Biden won Dallas, Harris, and Tarrant counties while Collin went to Trump.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_6247_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_32');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_6247_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_32');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_32\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[32]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6247_1_32\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">New York Times, &#8220;Texas Election Results,&#8221; nytimes.com (accessed June 3, 2022)<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_32').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6247_1_32', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The audit had two phases planned: Testing Voting Machine Accuracy, Cybersecurity Assessments, and Identifying and Removing Ineligible Voters Who Cast Ballots in 2020 (Phase I) and Comprehensive Election Records Examination (Phase II).<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_6247_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_33');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_6247_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_33');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_33\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[33]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6247_1_33\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Texas Secretary of State, &#8220;Texas Secretary of State Full Forensic Audit of 2020 General Election,&#8221; sos.texas.gov, September 28, 2021<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_33').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6247_1_33', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script> A report with Phase I results was released December 31, 2021, covering the audit of the 3,885,875 votes cast in Dallas, Harris, Tarrant, and Collin counties. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>While the audit report did not list vote totals for Biden or Trump, the election results did not change. <\/strong>The audit found a total of 32 vote discrepancies in three of the four counties: 17 votes in Collin attributed to curbside voting machines that did not produce paper results and thus could not be hand-counted; 10 votes in Dallas resulting from a data entry error in the manual recount; and five votes in Harris due to an error in the manual counting of mail-in ballots. No discrepancies were found in Tarrant County.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_6247_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_34');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_6247_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_34');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_34\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[34]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6247_1_34\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">John B. Scott, &#8220;Phase 1 Progress Report: Full Forensic Audit of November 2020 General Election,&#8221; sos.texas.gov, December 31, 2021<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_34').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6247_1_34', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. Wisconsin &#8211; Trump-Requested Recount in Two Counties (Completed November 29, 2020)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Wisconsin law allows candidates to request a recount if the margin of victory is less than 1.0%. Biden&#8217;s margin over Trump was 0.64%, so the Trump campaign requested a recount in two Wisconsin counties, Dane and Milwaukee. The campaign had to pay the $3 million cost because the state only pays if the margin is less than or equal to 0.25% of the total vote.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_6247_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_35');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_6247_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_35');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_35\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[35]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6247_1_35\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Associated Press, &#8220;Trump Pays $3 Million for Partial Wisconsin Vote Recount,&#8221; pbs.org, November 18, 2020<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_35').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6247_1_35', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_6247_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_36');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_6247_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_36');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_36\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[36]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6247_1_36\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Reuters, &#8220;Wisconsin Recount Would Cost Trump Campaign About $7.9 Million, State Officials Say,&#8221; reuters.com, November 16, 2020<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_36').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6247_1_36', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Dane County recount, completed on November 29, 2020, found that Biden lost 91 votes and Trump lost 46. Biden&#8217;s margin of victory was 53.52%, and the recount confirmed Biden&#8217;s victory in the county.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_6247_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_37');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_6247_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_37');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_37\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[37]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6247_1_37\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Board of Canvassers for Milwaukee County, \u201cMilwaukee County 2020 General Election,\u201d county.milwaukee.gov, November 27, 2020<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_37').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6247_1_37', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_6247_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_38');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_6247_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_38');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_38\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[38]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6247_1_38\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Hailey Fuchs, &#8220;Recount in Two Wisconsin Counties Reinforces Biden\u2019s Victory.,&#8221; nytimes.com, November 29, 2020<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_38').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6247_1_38', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Milwaukee County recount, completed on November 27, 2020, found that Biden gained 257 votes while Trump gained 125. Biden&#8217;s margin of victory remained at 40.50%, and the recount confirmed Biden&#8217;s victory in the county.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_6247_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_39');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_6247_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_39');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_39\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[39]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6247_1_39\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Board of Canvassers for Milwaukee County, \u201cMilwaukee County 2020 General Election,\u201d county.milwaukee.gov, November 27, 2020<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_39').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6247_1_39', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Biden gained 166 votes total in the two county recounts, while Trump gained 79, a net gain of 87 votes for Biden&#8217;s margin of victory. The recount left Biden&#8217;s margin of victory in the state at 0.64%, and confirmed Biden&#8217;s victory<\/strong>. It is not clear why the updated state results post-recount show a net increase of 74 votes for Biden rather than 87, but the outcome is not impacted by this discrepancy.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_6247_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_40');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_6247_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_40');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_40\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[40]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6247_1_40\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Wisconsin Secretary of State, \u201cCanvass Results for 2020 General Election,\u201d elections.wi.gov, November 18, 2020<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_40').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6247_1_40', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script> <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_6247_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_41');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_6247_1('footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_41');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_41\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[41]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6247_1_41\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Wisconsin Secretary of State, \u201cWEC Canvass Reporting System County by County Report,\u201d elections.wi.gov, November 30, 2020<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_41').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_6247_1_41', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"law-summary\">IV. Summary of Recount and Audit Laws in Five States<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table centerheader\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>A.<br>State<\/th><th>B.<br>Automatic Recount?<\/th><th>C.<br>Candidate Requested Recount?<\/th><th>D.<br>Who Pays for Requested Recount?<\/th><th>E.<br>Audit Laws<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>1. Arizona<\/td><td><strong>Yes<\/strong> &#8211; If the margin is 0.1% of the votes cast for both candidates<\/td><td><strong>No<\/strong> &#8211; But a court may order one<\/td><td>Not allowed<\/td><td>Each county must conduct an audit of 2% of its precincts or two precincts, whichever is greater, as well as 1% of early votes or 5,000, whichever is less.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2. Georgia<\/td><td><strong>No<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Yes<\/strong> &#8211; Election officials may order one and candidates may request within 2 business days of election with a margin less than or equal to 0.5%<\/td><td>State<\/td><td>Requires a statewide risk-limiting audit of one contest following November general elections in even-numbered years.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>3. Pennsylvania<\/td><td><strong>Yes<\/strong> &#8211; If the margin is less than or equal to 0.5%<\/td><td><strong>No<\/strong> &#8211; But voters may petition for a recount based on errors, and candidates may file a court appeal of canvassing returns<\/td><td>Requester<\/td><td>Each county board of elections is required to conduct a random statistical sample of at least 2% of the ballots cast or 2,000 ballots, whichever is less.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>4. Texas<\/td><td>Only in the event of a <strong>tie<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Yes<\/strong> &#8211; If the margin is less than 10% of the winning candidate&#8217;s vote total<\/td><td>Requester<\/td><td>Counties that use electronic voting systems must conduct a partial manual recount of at least 1% of election precincts or three precincts, whichever is greater. (A 2021 law created a risk-limiting audit pilot program starting November 2022.)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>5. Wisconsin<\/td><td><strong>No<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Yes<\/strong> &#8211; If the margin is less than 1%<\/td><td>State if the margin is less than or equal to 0.25% of the total vote, otherwise the Requester<\/td><td>5% of statewide reporting units are randomly audited by hand count, including at least one audit in each county. <\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption><em>Recount laws from the State Recount Laws Searchable Database at ceimn.org; Audit laws from the Audit Law Database at verifiedvoting.org. <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div class=\"speaker-mute footnotes_reference_container\"> <div class=\"footnote_container_prepare\"><p><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_label pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_6247_1();\">References<\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button\" style=\"display: none;\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_6247_1();\">[<a id=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_6247_1\">+<\/a>]<\/span><\/p><\/div> <div id=\"footnote_references_container_6247_1\" style=\"\"><table class=\"footnotes_table footnote-reference-container\"><caption class=\"accessibility\">References<\/caption> <tbody> \r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_6247_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_1');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_1\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>1<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">US Election Assistance Commission, Voluntary Voting System Guidelines, Volume 1, Version 1.0, eac.gov, 2005<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi\" ><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_2\" class=\"footnote_backlink\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_6247_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_2');\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>2,<\/a> <a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_3\" class=\"footnote_backlink\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_6247_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_3');\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>3<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Ballotpedia, &#8220;Election Recount Laws and Procedures in the 50 States, 2020,&#8221; ballotpedia.com (accessed May 31, 2022)<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_6247_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_4');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_4\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>4<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">FairVote, &#8220;Election Recounts Rarely Change the Outcome,&#8221; FairVote.org, November 4, 2020<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_6247_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_5');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_5\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>5<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">FairVote, &#8220;A Survey and Analysis of Statewide Election Recounts,&#8221; fairvote.app.box.com, November 2020<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi\" ><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_6\" class=\"footnote_backlink\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_6247_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_6');\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>6,<\/a> <a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_25\" class=\"footnote_backlink\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_6247_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_25');\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>25<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Andrew Seidman and Jonathan Lai, &#8220;What to Know About Pennsylvania Republicans\u2019 Investigation of the 2020 election,&#8221; inquirer.com, October 15, 2021<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_6247_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_7');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_7\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>7<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Verified Voting, &#8220;Audits vs. Recounts: What\u2019s the Difference?, verifiedvoting.org, November 18, 2020<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_6247_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_8');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_8\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>8<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">National Conference of State Legislatures, \u201cPost-Election Audits,\u201d ncsl.org, April 1, 2022<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_6247_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_9');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_9\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>9<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Verified Voting, &#8220;What Is a Risk-Limiting Audit?,&#8221; verifiedvoting.org, May 2020<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_6247_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_10');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_10\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>10<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Andrew Seidman and Jonathan Lai, &#8220;All eyes turn to Pennsylvania After Arizona\u2019s \u2018Audit\u2019 Affirmed Biden\u2019s Presidential Victory,&#8221; mcall.com, September 24, 2021<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_6247_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_11');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_11\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>11<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">New York Times, &#8220;Arizona Election Results,&#8221; nytimes.com (accessed June 3, 2022)<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_6247_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_12');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_12\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>12<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Maricopa County Sheriff&#8217;s Office, &#8220;Quick Facts About Maricopa County,&#8221; mcso.org (accessed June 3, 2022)<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_6247_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_13');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_13\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>13<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Maricopa County Elections Department, \u201cNovember General Election Canvass,\u201d recorder.maricopa.gov, November 3, 2020<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_6247_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_14');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_14\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>14<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Arizona Senate Republicans, Arizona Senate Hires Auditor to Review 2020 Election in Maricopa County,\u201d azsenaterepublicans.com, March 31, 2021<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_6247_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_15');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_15\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>15<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Jerod MacDonald-Evoy, \u201cWho Are the Groups Who Paid to \u2018Audit\u2019 the Arizona Election?,\u201d azmirror.com, August 2, 2021<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_6247_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_16');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_16\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>16<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Cyber Ninjas, \u201cMaricopa County Forensic Election Audit Volume III: Result Details,\u201d azsenaterepublicans.com, September 24, 2021<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_6247_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_17');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_17\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>17<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Donald Trump, &#8220;Statement by Donald J. Trump, 45th President of the United States of America,&#8221; donaldjtrump.com, September 24, 2021<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_6247_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_18');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_18\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>18<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Maricopa County Elections Department, \u201cCorrecting the Record,\u201d recorder.maricopa.gov, January 2022<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_6247_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_19');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_19\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>19<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Verified Voting, &#8220;Georgia Audit Laws,&#8221; verifiedvoting.org (accessed June 2, 2022)<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_6247_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_20');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_20\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>20<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Stephen Fowler, &#8220;Georgia To Conduct Hand Recount In Razor-Thin Presidential Race,&#8221; gpb.org, November 11, 2020<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_6247_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_21');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_21\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>21<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Josh Holder and Amy Schoenfeld Walker, &#8220;Where Georgia\u2019s Hand Recount Differed From the Initial Tally, by County,&#8221; nytimes.com, November 19, 2020<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_6247_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_22');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_22\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>22<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Katie Brumback, &#8220;Georgia Again Certifies Election Results Showing Biden Won,&#8221; apnews.com, December 7, 2020<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_6247_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_23');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_23\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>23<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Georgia Secretary of State Brad Raffensperger, \u201cNovember 3, 2020 Presidential Recount,\u201d results.enr.clarityelections.com, December 7, 2020<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_6247_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_24');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_24\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>24<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">New York Times, &#8220;Pennsylvania Election Results,&#8221; nytimes.com (accessed June 3, 2022)<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_6247_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_26');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_26\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>26<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Pennsylvania Pressroom, &#8220;Risk-Limiting Audit Pilot Of November 2020 Presidential Election Finds Strong Evidence Of Accurate Count\u202f,&#8221; media.pa.gov, February 5, 2021<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_6247_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_27');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_27\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>27<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Sam Dunklau, &#8220;Pa. Senate Election \u2018Audit\u2019 Contract Doesn\u2019t Say If the Public Will See the Results,&#8221; whyy.org, December 7, 2021<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_6247_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_28');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_28\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>28<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Alison Durkee, &#8220;Pennsylvania Supreme Court Blocks Voting Machine Inspection In GOP Election Audit,&#8221; forbes.com, January 14, 2022<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_6247_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_29');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_29\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>29<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Fulton County, \u201cGeneral Certificate of Result of All Votes Cast at the 2020 General Election November 3, 2020,\u201d www.co.fulton.pa.us, November 20, 2020<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi\" ><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_30\" class=\"footnote_backlink\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_6247_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_30');\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>30,<\/a> <a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_32\" class=\"footnote_backlink\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_6247_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_32');\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>32<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">New York Times, &#8220;Texas Election Results,&#8221; nytimes.com (accessed June 3, 2022)<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_6247_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_31');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_31\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>31<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Amy B. Wang, &#8220;Texas Secretary of State\u2019s Office Announces Audit of 2020 Election Results After Trump Calls for One,&#8221; washingtonpost.com, September 23, 2021<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_6247_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_33');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_33\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>33<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Texas Secretary of State, &#8220;Texas Secretary of State Full Forensic Audit of 2020 General Election,&#8221; sos.texas.gov, September 28, 2021<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_6247_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_34');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_34\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>34<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">John B. Scott, &#8220;Phase 1 Progress Report: Full Forensic Audit of November 2020 General Election,&#8221; sos.texas.gov, December 31, 2021<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_6247_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_35');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_35\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>35<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Associated Press, &#8220;Trump Pays $3 Million for Partial Wisconsin Vote Recount,&#8221; pbs.org, November 18, 2020<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_6247_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_36');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_36\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>36<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Reuters, &#8220;Wisconsin Recount Would Cost Trump Campaign About $7.9 Million, State Officials Say,&#8221; reuters.com, November 16, 2020<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi\" ><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_37\" class=\"footnote_backlink\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_6247_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_37');\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>37,<\/a> <a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_39\" class=\"footnote_backlink\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_6247_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_39');\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>39<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Board of Canvassers for Milwaukee County, \u201cMilwaukee County 2020 General Election,\u201d county.milwaukee.gov, November 27, 2020<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_6247_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_38');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_38\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>38<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Hailey Fuchs, &#8220;Recount in Two Wisconsin Counties Reinforces Biden\u2019s Victory.,&#8221; nytimes.com, November 29, 2020<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_6247_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_40');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_40\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>40<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Wisconsin Secretary of State, \u201cCanvass Results for 2020 General Election,\u201d elections.wi.gov, November 18, 2020<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_6247_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_6247_1_41');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_6247_1_41\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>41<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Wisconsin Secretary of State, \u201cWEC Canvass Reporting System County by County Report,\u201d elections.wi.gov, November 30, 2020<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n <\/tbody> <\/table> <\/div><\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> function footnote_expand_reference_container_6247_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_6247_1').show(); 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jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } }<\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Last updated August 2022 Quick Facts: As of the 2020 election, 27 states and DC had provisions for an automatic recount for thin election margins and 43 states allowed requested recounts under certain circumstances. As of the 2020 election, routine post-election audits were required by law in 34 states and DC to check the accuracy [&#8230;]<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"btn btn-secondary understrap-read-more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/archive.amarkfoundation.org\/the2020election\/2020-election-recounts-and-audits\/\">Read More&#8230;<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> from 2020 Election Recounts and Audits<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"GeorgiaFaustina,","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-6247","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>2020 Election Recounts and Audits - 2020Election<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/archive.amarkfoundation.org\/the2020election\/2020-election-recounts-and-audits\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"2020 Election Recounts and Audits - 2020Election\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Last updated August 2022 Quick Facts: As of the 2020 election, 27 states and DC had provisions for an automatic recount for thin election margins and 43 states allowed requested recounts under certain circumstances. 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